What is a Grand Jury?
Understanding the Role of a Grand Jury
A Grand Jury is a group of typically 12 to 23 citizens who are randomly selected to investigate potential criminal activity and determine if there is probable cause to bring formal charges against a suspect.
Key Responsibilities of a Grand Jury
The primary responsibility of a Grand Jury is to review evidence presented by the prosecution and decide whether:
- There is sufficient evidence to believe that a felony crime has occurred
- The accused should be indicted (formally charged)
- The indictment should be dismissed
Legal Basis and Compliance
In the United States, Grand Juries operate under Rule 128(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and are in compliance with state laws, such as Ala Code 1975 12-16-204 in Alabama.
Composition and Process
Grand Jury members are typically summoned for a specific term and serve until their work is complete. They are sworn to secrecy and deliberate in private. The proceedings are not open to the public.
Significance in the Criminal Justice System
Grand Juries play a crucial role in protecting the rights of individuals accused of crimes. By requiring a concurrence of probable cause from a group of citizens, the Grand Jury process ensures that only valid charges are brought against suspects.
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